Marine Permaculture Arrays

MPA Executive Summary

How Marine Permaculture Arrays restore ocean circulation, grow kelp, capture carbon and create marine habitat. Read the report online or download it.

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Executive summary (PDF)

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Kelp growing on a marine permaculture array

MPA's in action

Wave-powered pumps, kelp forests and captured carbon

Buoys rise and fall with the waves, driving simple pumps that lift cold, nutrient-rich water from hundreds of metres down. At the sunlit surface, phytoplankton and kelp absorb those nutrients and grow, recreating the ocean's biological pump.